Web do IES Pintor Colmeiro

Gandeiria / Cattle
GALEGO		ENGLISH
O sistema de cría do gando tamén cambiou moito. Nas últimas décadas pasouse dun sistema de gandeiría familiar, con poucos animais por granxa ás grandes explotacións de gando destinadas á producción de leite e carne para a súa venda. Os sistemas de alimentación tamén cambiaron, dunha alimentación natural aos productos alimenticios industriais.		Cattle breeding also changed a lot. In the last decades cattle raising moved from a familiar system of few animals to big farms for producing milk and meat for the market. Feeding systems also moved from natural feeding to processed feeding.
Razas de gando		Cattle breeds
Vacas		Cows
	A rubia galega Tradicionalmente a raza autóctona galega era a chamada "rubia". Unha vaca destinada ao traballo e adaptada ao clima e pastos galegos. Non producía moita cantidade de leite.	The Galician Blonde Traditionally, the Galician native cow was the so called "blonde". This is a cow for working, adapted to the climate and pastures of Galicia. It did not produce much milk.
	A introducción doutras razas A finais dos 60 empezaron a introducirse razas máis leiteiras coma a frisona, importadas de países europeos.	The introduction of other breeds At the end of the 60´s, new breeds began to be introduced in Galicia. These were more milk productive breeds such as the "friesian", imported from Euroean countries.
	A raza frisona A raza frisona é unha raza leiteira que se adaptou con facilidade ao noso medio. Incluso foron utilizadas antes da introdución do tractor como animais de tiro.	The friesian The friesian cow is a great milk producer which adapted to Galicia quite well. They were also used as team cows before tractors were popular.
Alimentación		Feeding
	Vacas pastando Antigamente as vacas alimentábanse con herba fresca ou seca. Pastaban no campo cando era posible e no inverno alimentábanse de herba seca.	Cows grazing In the old times, cows were fed with grass and hay. They grazed in the fields when possible and in winter they were fed on hay too.
	Pienso Hoxe en día as vacas son alimentadas aínda con herba pero tamén con silo e piensos industriais. Son máis baratos e sinxelos de almacenar.	Feed Today, cows are still fed with grass but also with silage and industrial feed. It is easier to store and cheaper.
	Alimantación natural das galiñas O mesmo sucedía coas galiñas que se alimentaban con gran, restos vexetais da cociña e o resto do día picaban libremente pola eira o que atopaban.	Hens natural food The same happened with hens. They were fed on grain and vegetable waste from the kitchen. The rest of the day they pecked freely around the fields.
	Galiñas picando pienso Hoxe en día as galiñas das grandes explotacións aliméntanse exclusivamente de piensos industriais.	Hens pecking feed Today hens of big farms are fed exclusively with industrial feed.
Explotación		Farming
	Explotación familiar. Tradicionalmente as explotacións gandeiras en Galicia eran familiares, é dicir, o labrego tiña un número reducido de animais, o suficiente para o autoconsumo da familia e a venda do sobrante.	Family farm Traditionally, cattle farms in Galicia were a family business, that is, the farmer had a reduced number of cows, enough for the family needs and to sell the rest.
	Explotación media Pouco a pouco as explotacións gandeiras foron crecendo en número de animais. Estes estaban destinados á produción de leite e á venda dos terneiros para carne. As vacas comenzan a estar estabuladas.	Medium size farm Little by little, farms were growing in their number of animals. These were used for the production of milk and for selling the calves for meat.
	Gran explotación Nesta gran explotación aumenta o número de animais e estes están estabulados, é dicir, permanecen controlados no establo onde son alimentados e coidados.	Big farm In this big farm, the numer of animals has increased and they are estabulated, that is, they are controlled in the stable where they are fed and looked after.
	Granxa de polos O mesmo pasou coas granxas de polos. Os polos son criados de xeito intensivo, en gaiolas ou zonas controladas e son alimentados con piensos.	Chicken farm The same happened to chicken farms. Chicken are now raised under intensive conditions, in cages or in controlled areas and fed with processed feed.
	Tradicionalmente na casa había unha ou dúas ovella que saían a pastar coas vacas. Delas aproveitábase a la para facer colchóns e fiar e tamén se vendían os años.	Traditionally, there were one or two sheep in the farm which used to graze with the cows. The wool was used for matresses and the lambs were sold.

Muxidura		Milking
	Muxindo A muxidura facíase a man cando na casa había u número reducido de vacas, de maneira que o labrego podía muxilas el só.	Milking Milking was done by hand when in the farm there were a reduced number of cows, so the farmer could do it by himself.
	Muxidoira Hoxe en día, nas explotacións gandeiras con moitas vacas é necesario o uso da muxidoira eléctrica.	Milking machine Today, in large farms with many cows it is necessary to use milking machines.

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Gandeiria / Cattle