Verán / Summer
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GALEGO |
ENGLISH |
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Durante o verán teñen lugar moitas celebracións ao aire
libre xa que o tempo é bo e as noites longas e templadas. Despois de
rematar as tarefas colectivas do campo hai tempo para a diversión e a
festa. Por iso é tempo de romarías que conxugan festa popular e relixión
e tamén de atender á parte máxica da vida. |
In the summer a lot of celebrations
take place in the open air because the weather is fine and the nights
long and warm. After finishing the work, there is time for fun and joy.
So it is the time of the summer festivals that join the popular and the
religious with the magic of life. |
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San Xoan |
St. John´s
Night |
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Foto 1. Cacharela.
A festa de San Xoán celébrase a noite do 23 de xuño. É unha festa de
grande tradición que se remonta aos primeiros poboadores de Galicia que
xa celebraban así o solsticio de verán. É unha noite máxica que marca a
chegada do verán. O protagonista é o lume co seu carácter purificador. |
Picture 1. Bonfire.
St. John´s fertival takes place on the eve of the 23th June. It is a
party of great tradition that dates from ancient Galician tribes that
celebrated the summer solstice. It´s a magical night that sets the start
of the summer. The main elements is the fire as a purifier. |
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Foto 2. Bailando arredor do lume.
A festa comeza á noitiña, cando a xente xunta madeira para facer
unha fogueira ou cacharela. Logo xúntanse e bailan arredor. Tamén é
costume que os veciños preparen unha sardiñada acompañada de pan de millo
e viño. |
Picture 2. Dancing around the
bonfire.
The festival starts in the evening. People brings wood to make a bonfire.
Then, they get together and dance around it. They will also prepare
sardines on a grill to eat with cornbread and wine. |
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Foto 3. Saltando a cacharela.
Por San Xoán tamén hai outros costumes como é a de saltar a fogueira un
número de veces impar. Isto ten virtudes purificadoras e contra o mal de
ollo.Tamén recoller distintas plantas que disque teñen poderes máxicos.
É unha boa noite para adiviñar o futuro segundo distintos métodos. |
Picture 3. Jumping over the bonfire.
There is lot of traditions around St. John´s festival. One of them is
jumping over the bonfire for an even number of times. This is a
purification rite against bad luck. People also pick up magical herbs.
It is also an excellent night for foretelling by different methods. |
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A malla |
Threshing |
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Foto 4. A señorita.
Ao rematar o palleiro, na parte de arriba colócábase a
carapucha ou "señorita", unha peza piramidal de palla atada con
vimbios. Ademais, colocábase un ramo de oliveira ou loureiro para
indicar que a faena acabara sen desgrazas.
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Picture
4. The "señorita".
After finishing the hayrick a hood or "señorita" was placed on top.
It was like a pyramid made of straw tied with whips. Sometimes, a
branch of olive tree or bayleaves was placed on the top meaning the
work had been completed successfully. |
| As
enfermidades dos animais |
Animal
sickness |
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Foto 5. Vacas ao xugo.
Cando un animal esfermaba levábase a unha ermida ou cruceiro e
facíaselle dar voltas darredor. Tamén se collía terra do sepulcro ou
de preto do altar e metíase nunha bolsiña que se colgaba do pescozo
do animal enfermo. |
Picture 5. Yoked
cows.
When an animal was sick it was taken to a shrine or to a "cruceiro"
or stone cross and it was made to go around it. Sometimes people
took soil near the altar, put it in a sachet and hanged it from the
animal´s neck. |
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Foto 6. Muxindo.
Cando unha vaca deixaba de dar leite ou o daba mesturado con sangue,
botábanse un pouco no lume para espantar o mal de ollo. |
Picture 6. Milking.
When a cow stopped producing milk or the milk appeared mixed with blood,
people used to drop a bit of that milk on the fire to get rid of the
spells. |
| Bendicir a
corte |
Blessing the
stable |
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Foto 7. A entrada na corte.
Cando se compraba un novo animal na feira e se traía para á casa, era costume bendicir a corte onde ía quedar con auga bendita traída da
igrexa e meter o animal de cu na corte. Esto garantía a saúde do animal novo. |
Picture 7. Entering the stable.
When a new animal was bought at the fair and was brought home, people
used to bless the stable with holly water from church and make the
animal enter the stable backwards. This guaranteed
the animal´s health. |
| As romarías |
The festivals |
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Foto 8. Saída da
procesión.
Unha das tradicións mais arraigadas de Galicia son as romarías. A
romaría é a festa patronal da parroquia que conxuga a celebración
relixioxa e a diversión pagá. A meirande parte delas celébranse polo
verán, cando o tempo é mellor. |
Picture 8. Departure of procession.
Country festivals or "romerias" are a very rooted tradion in Galicia.
These festivals celebrated the patron saint of the hammlet and they mix
pagan and religious celebrations. Most of them are celebrated in the
summer, when the weather is good. |
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Foto 9. A
procesión.
Unha romería popular está sempre
adicada ao santo da parroquia. Comeza cunha misa na súa honra. Ao
final da misa, sae a procesión da igrexa. Os fieis sacan a ombros a
imaxe do santo e dan unha volta ao adro da igrexa ou máis lonxe.
Durante a procesión, todo o mundo vai detrás da imaxe, soan as campás e
tíranse foguetes ata que se volta á igrexa.
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Picture .9 Procession.
A country festival is always dedicated to the patron saint of the
parrish. It starts with a mass dedicated to the saint. After the mass,
the procession comes out of the church. People carry the images of the
saints on their shoulders and go around the church or even further.
During the procession, everybody follows the saint, the bells toll and
fireworks are fired until the image is taken back to the church. |
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Foto 10. Procesión en Moalde. 1965.
Ás veces, a procesión detíñase a rezar unha oración ao pé dun cruceiro, e
logo seguía o seu camiño. |
Picture 10. Procession in Moalde.
Sometimes, the procession stopped at a stone cross to say a prayer for
the dead and then they walked on.
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Foto 11. A romaría.
Logo da misa, a xente ía á romaría xeralmente nun campo
comunal. Alí había postos de polbo e viño e tocaba a banda. A xente
quedaba a comer alí. Pola noite había verbena. |
Picture 11. The festival.
After the mass people used to join the festival at a common field. There
were stalls where you could eat octopus and drink wine while the brass
band played. People stayed there for lunch. In the evening there was a
party. |
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Foto 12. O xantar.
En moitas romarías é tradicional xantar no mesmo lugar da festa. A xente
leva a comida e as familias xantan en grupos nunha carballeira. |
Picture 12. Lunch.
In many festivals, it is traditional to have lunch at the very place of
the festival. People take their own food and they make picnics in the
wood. |
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Foto 13. O xantar na casa.
Outras veces, a xente voltaba a súa casa para celebrar un gran
xantar ao que convidaban a todos os familiares que vivían lonxe. O
xantar facíase baixo a viña ou na eira se facía bo, ou no comedor,
arranxado para a ocasión. Os xantares de festa eran longos e abundantes. |
Picture 13. Lunch at home.
Some other times, people returned home to celebrate with
a big meal. All relatives living far away were invited. Lunch was under
the vine or in the courtyard if the weather was nice or in the dining
room. Festival meals were long and abundant. |
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Foto 14. A verbena.
Pola noite hai verbena, tocaba a banda ou unha orquestra e os mozos
bailan. |
Picture 14. The party.
In the evening, a band played and people danced until late hours. |
| A
romaría milagreira |
The
miraculous festivals |
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Foto 15. Romaría do Corpiño. Lalín.
Algunhas das romarías máis coñecidas son as milagreiras, é dicir, as
que se cre que o santo ten poderes curativos dalgún tipo. Estas romarías
seguen o patrón das anteriores salvo que a presenza relixiosa é máis
forte. Antes da misa pódense ver persoas que veñen ofrecidas ao santo
por algunha promesa, e veñen andando dende lonxe, axeonllados... Outros
ofrecen exvotos, cartos ou animais ao santo durante a procesión, e mesmo se
disputa a honra de levar as andas do santo. |
Picture 15. Corpiño Festival. lalín.
Miraculous festivals are among the most popular. It is believed that the
saint has powers to heal or bless people. These festivals follow the
line of the previous but the religious spirit is stronger. Before the
mass you can see people asking the saint for favours or thanking him.
They come from far away walking or on their knees...Some people bring
the saint votive offerings or money during the procession and they
compete for carrying the saint around. |
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Foto 16. A procesión do Corpiño.
Durante estas procesións, a xente segue ao santo realizando
ofrecementos. Moitos enfermos físicos ou psíquicos tamén son achegados
ao santo para que os cure e bendiga.
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Picture 16. Corpiño procession.
During these processions people follow the saint offering themselves.
The sick are brought near the saint to be healed or blessed. |
